Application layer

The application layer is the seventh (7.) level of the seven-layer OSI model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the presentation layer.

The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file , virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols.

Examples

• HTTP
• SMTP
• SNMP
• FTP
• XMPP
• Telnet
• FTAM
• APPC
• X.400
• SSH
• X.500
• IRC
• AFP
• Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
• SIP
• ITMS
• AIM