Cairo was the codename for a project at Microsoft to build a next generation operating system that would fulfill Bill Gates idea of "information at your fingertips". The aim for Cairo, was to use distributed computing concepts to make information available seamlessly across a network of computers.
Cairo was originally supposed to ship in 1994, however the project was never completed, although some components for Cairo (such as the new Windows 95 UI and DCOM) were released.
One component planned for Cairo was a new object-oriented file system. The WinFS storage system, which was originally planned to debut as part of the Longhorn version of Windows, is viewed by many commentators as another attempt to fulfill some of the goals of Cairo.