Suberin

Suberin is a waxy substance found in higher plants.

Anatomy and physiology

Suberin is highly hydrophobic and its main function is to prevent water from penetrating the tissue. In roots suberin is deposited in the radial and transverse cell walls of the endodermal cells. This structure is known as the Casparian band or Casparian strip. The function of this structure is to prevent water and nutrients taken up by the root entering the stele via the apoplast. Instead, water must traverse the endodermis through the symplast. This allows plant to select the solutes that pass further into the plant.

Suberin is found in the phellem layer of the periderm (or cork). This is outermost layer of the bark. The cells in this layer are dead and abundant in suberin, preventing water loss from the tissues below.

Suberin can also be found in various other plant structures. For example, the net structure in the rind of a netted melon is suberin.

Structure and biosynthesis

Suberin consists of two domains, a polyaromatic and a polyaliphatic domain. The polyaromatics are predominately located within the primary cell wall, and the polyaliphatics are located between the primary cell wall and the plasmalemma. The two domains are supposed to be cross-linked. The exact qualitative and quantitative composition of suberin monomers varies in different species. Some common aliphatic monomers include α-hydroxyacids (mainly 18-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid) and α,ω-diacids (mainly octadec-9-ene-1,18-dioic acid). The monomers of the polyaromatics are hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives, such as feruloyltyramine.

In addition to the aromatics and aliphatics components, glycerol has been reported a major suberin component in some species. The role of glycerol is proposed to interlink aliphatic monomers, and possibly also to link polyaliphatics to polyaromatics, during suberin polymer assembly. The polymerization step of aromatic monomers has been shown to involve a peroxidase reaction.

The biosynthesis of the aliphatic monomers shares the same upstream reactions with cutin biosynthesis, and the biosynthesis of aromatics shares the same upstream reactions with lignin biosynthesis. Lignin and suberin are the only known biological polymers that are irregular.