DR ABC

DR ABC is a common formulation of some of the basic principles of first aid, in the form of an acrostic.

Danger - Ensure the safety of yourself and any bystanders. Attempt safely (if possible) to remove any sources of danger to yourself or others associated with the casualty, e.g. exposed voltages in the case of electric shock. Only attempt to assist the victim once your own and bystander's safety has been guaranteed.

Response - Check for signs of consciousness in the casualty. Useful ways of checking this include: can they hear your voice? any noticeable movements? openning or closing of eyes in response to stimuli?

Airway - Check that the casualty's airway is clear, and clear if necessary. Remove blockages in throat (such as tongue or vomit). Place casualty's head in appropriate position.

Breathing - Once the airway has been cleared, check if the casualty is breathing.

Circulation - Check for presence of a pulse. If present, is it weak, strong, unusually fast?

Once DR ABC has been performed, EAR or CPR may be necessary, depending on the outcomes of the Breathing and Circulation checks.