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Jülich(This page is mostly a translation of the article in the German language Wikipedia.)
Jülich is a medium-size town in the district of Düren, in the federal state of Nordrhein-Westfalen, in Germany. Jülich is well known as location of a world-famous research centre.
GeographyJülich is situated in the Rur valley on the banks of the river Rur. The town is bordered by the town of Linnich in the north, the municipality of Titz in the north-east, the municipality of Niederzier in the south-east, by the municipality of Inden in the south and the municipality of Aldenhoven in the west. Its maximum size is 13,3 km from east to west and 10,9 km from north to south. The highest point in Jülich is in Bourheim and is 110 m above sea level (except Sophienhöhe), the lowest point is 70 m above sea level and is found in Barmen.
BoroughsThe town of Jülich comprises 16 boroughs:
History
Jülich is first mentioned in Roman times as Juliacum along a road through the Rur valley. The counts and dukes of Jülich extended their influence during the Middle Ages and granted Jülich city status in 1234 (Count Wilhelm IV). During battles with the Archbishop of Cologne, Jülich was destroyed in 1239. In 1416, the city was granted fiscal independence by Duke Rainald of Jülich-Geldern. Following a fire in 1547, the city was rebuilt as an ideal city in the Renaissance style under the direction of the architect Alessandro Pasqualini . The citadel of Jülich was later visited by the French military engineer Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban and was rated exemplary. After the ducal family line was extinguished in 1609, the Duchy of Jülich was divided. The city later belonged to Pfalz-Neuburg, then the Palatinate (1685) and Bavaria (1685). From 1794 to 1814, Jülich was part of France under the name of Juliers. The French added the Napoleonic bridge head to the fortifications. In 1815, Jülich became a Prussian fortification and district town. The fortification was razed in 1860.
On 16 November 1944 (World War II), 97% of Jülich was destroyed during Allied bombing, since it was considered one of the main obstacles to the occupation of the Rhineland, although the city fortifications, the bridge head and the citadel had long fallen into disuse. From 1949 to 1956, the town centre was rebuilt along the plans of the Renaissance town. In 1998, the state garden fair took place in Jülich. This made the extensive restoration of the bridge head fortifications and the establishment of a large leisure park, the bridge head park, possible. Today, Jülich is mainly known for its world-famous research centre (established in 1956) and its university (established in 1970). The town's landmark is the Witchtower. Population history
Town twinningsSince 1964, Jülich is twinned with the French town of Haubourdin in the Nord département. Transportation
OtherJülich has a school, middle schools, high schools/gymnasiums, a post office, banks, and squares. Culture and landmarksMuseums
Buildings
Particularly notable:
Shortwave broadcasting facilityIn 1956 established the WDR established on Mer height the first short wave transmitter. In the subsequent years this plant was expanded much. On September 1st, 1961 this plant was handed over to the German Federal Post at establishing the German foreign broadcasting service, "Deutsche Welle". In the course of the time 10 transmitters with outputs were installed of 100 kilowatts, whereby as transmitting antennas enormous dipole arrays between free standing steel framework towers were installed. Today these transmitters are rented to the predominant part to non-German broadcasting organisations. In the 90's on the area of the shortwave transmission facility also a transmitting plant for medium wave was installed, using a long wire antenna which is spun at a tower on the transmitter site. It should be used for transmitting of the program of radio Viva on 702 kHz, but it went never into regular service. MiscellaneousThe reliquaries of Christina von Stommeln . People
Famous citizensLiterature
External links
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