July 25
July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years ) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar , with 159 days remaining.
Events
306 - Constantine I proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
1261 - Constantinople is captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus , allowing the re-creation of the Byzantine Empire .
1547 - Henry II (France) crowned
1567 - Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas , the capital city of Venezuela .
1593 - Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism .
1722 - Three Years War begins along Maine and Massachusetts border.
1758 - French and Indian War : The island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in India is silenced and all French warships are destroyed or taken.
1759 - French and Indian War: In Canada , British forces capture Fort Niagara from French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé .
1797 - Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife Island (Spain ).
1799 - At Aboukir in Egypt , Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha .
1814 - War of 1812 : Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown 's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie .
1853 Joaquin Murietta famous Californio bandit, is killed
1861 - American Civil War : The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery .
1866 - The U.S. Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army (now called "5-star general") Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank.
1868 - Wyoming becomes a United States territory .
1897 - Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories.
1898 - The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with U.S. troops landing at Guánica Bay .
1907 - Korea becomes a protectorate of Japan .
1909 - Louis Bleriot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine (Calais to Dover in 37 minutes).
1917 - Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
1920 - Telecommunications : first transatlantic two-way radio broadcast.
1934 - Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
1943 - World War II : Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by his own Italian Grand Council and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio .
1944 - World War II: Operation Spring - One of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.
1946 - Nuclear testing : In the first underwater test of the atomic bomb , the surplus USS Saratoga is sunk near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean when the United States detonates the "Baker Day " device.
1946 - At Club 500 in Atlantic City, New Jersey , Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stage their first show as a comedy team.
1952 - Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing commonwealth of the United States .
1956 - 45 miles south of Nantucket Island , the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria sinks after colliding with the SS Stockholm in heavy fog , killing 51.
1969 - Vietnam War : US President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This was the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war.
1973 - Soviet Mars 5 space probe launched.
1976 - The first performance of the Philip Glass opera Einstein on the Beach 1977 - A supposed thunderbird is reported attacking a boy named Marlon Lowe.
1978 - The first so-called test-tube baby , Louise Brown , is born.
1984 - Salyut 7 Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk .
1989 - Rock /Hip-hop trio The Beastie Boys release the classic Paul's Boutique .1990 - Comedian Roseanne Barr grabs her crotch and spits on the ground when performing the U.S. national anthem at a San Diego Padres game.
1994 - Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration which formally ends the state of war that has existed between the nations since 1948 .
1997 - K.R. Narayanan is sworn-in as India 's 10th president and the first member of the Dalits caste to hold this office.
1998 - The United States Navy commissions the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman and puts her into service.
2000 - An Air France Concorde supersonic passenger jet crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 5 on the ground.
2004 - Lance Armstrong makes history, winning his 6th (consecutive) Tour de France .
2004 - Over 100,000 opponents to Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2004 participate in a human chain from Gush Katif (The Jewish communities adjacent to the Gaza Strip , Israel ), to the Western Wall , Jerusalem (90 kilometers).
Births
1109 - Afonso, first king of Portugal
1562 - Kato Kiyomasa , Japanese daimyo and samurai (d. 1611 )
1799 - David Douglas , botanist, plant collector, explorer (d. 1834 )
1844 - Thomas Eakins , artist (d. 1916 )
1848 - Arthur Balfour , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1902 -1907 (d. 1930 )
1848 - Ottokar Kernstock , poet (d. 1928 )
1867 - Max Dauthendey , writer (d. 1918 )
1870 - Maxfield Parrish , illustrator (d. 1966 )
1883 - Alfredo Casella , Italian composer (d. 1947 )
1884 - Davidson Black , doctor of anatomy and physical anthropologist (d. 1934 )
1894 - Walter Brennan , Academy Award winning actor (d. 1974 )
1902 - Eric Hoffer , philosopher (d. 1983 )
1905 - Elias Canetti , writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1981 (d. 1994 )
1906 - Johnny Hodges , saxophonist (d. 1970 )
1907 - Karl Höller , composer (d. 1987 )
1908 - Bill Bowes , champion Yorkshire and England bowler (d. 1987 )
1920 - Rosalind Franklin , scientist (d. 1958 )
1924 - Estelle Getty , actress: "The Golden Girls"
1929 - Somnath Chatterjee , politician, India
1930 - Maureen Forrester , Canadian contralto, teacher
1937 - Colin Renfrew , archeology professor
1941 - Marco Lucioni , Italian painter
1946 - Rita Marley , Jamaican-Cuban singer, widow of Bob Marley
1948 - Peggy Fleming , figure skater
1954 - Walter Payton , National Football League player (d. 1999 )
1955 - Iman , model
1960 - Alain Robidoux , Canadian snooker player
1967 - Matt LeBlanc , actor
1967 - Chuck Paugh , record label owner
1973 - Dani Davey , metal singer
1977 - Kenny Thomas , NBA basketball player
1978 - Louise Brown , first test tube baby
1978 - Gerard Warren , American football player
1979 - Amy Adams , American Idol 3 contestant
1982 - Brad Renfro , actor
Deaths
306 - Constantius Chlorus , Roman Emperor
1492 - Pope Innocent VIII
1791 - Isaac Low , New York delegate to the Continental Congress
1861 - Jonas Furrer , Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1805 )
1834 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge , English poet (b. 1772 )
1853 - Joaquin Murieta , California outlaw
1887 - John Taylor , American religious leader (b. 1808 )
1899 - Theodore August Heintzman , piano manufacturer
1934 - François Coty , French perfume manufacturer (b. 1874 )
1934 - Engelbert Dollfuss , Austrian Chancellor (assassinated)
1934 - Nestor Makhno , Ukrainian anarchist
1937 - Edward Saunders , agricultural scientist
1958 - Harold Warner , one of the Warner Brothers
1973 - Louis Stephen St. Laurent , twelfth Prime Minister of Canada
1980 - Vladimir Vysotsky , Russian poet, singer, and actor (b. 1938 )
1988 - Judith Barsi , actress (b. 1978 )
1997 - Ben Hogan , golfer
2003 - Ludwig Bölkow , airplane engineer
2003 - John Schlesinger , film director
Holidays and observances
External links
July 24 - July 26 - June 25 - August 25 -- listing of all days
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