Khariboli

Khariboli (also Khadiboli or Khari dialect) is the variation of Urdu/Hindi language that is used by the Indian state as the , spoken in Western Uttar Pradesh.

The earliest examples of Khariboli can be seen in some of Kabir and Amir Khusro's lines. More developed forms of Khariboli can be seen in some mediocre literature produced in early 18th century. Examples are Chand Chhand Varnan Ki Mahima by Gangabhatt, Yogavashishtha by Ramprasad Niranjani, Gora-Badal ki katha by Jatmal, Mandovar ka varnan by Anonymous, a translation of Ravishenacharya's Jain Padmapuran by Daulatram (dated 1824). In 1857, East India Company established Fort William College at Calcutta. The College President John Gill Christ hired professors to write books in Hindi and Urdu, used to be Language of the Indian state then. Some of these books were Premsagarby Lalloolal, Naasiketopaakhyan by Sadal Mishra, Sukhsagar by Sadasukhlal of Delhi and Rani Ketaki ki kahani by Munshi Inshallah Khan. The language of these books can be called Khariboli.

Khariboli was a rural language in its early days. But after 18th century, people started using it as the literary form of Urdu as its vocabulary contains a large amount of Persian and Arabic words. To make it more Indian like it is heavily Sanskritized as well. In its original form, it is spoken in Rampur, Moradabad , Meerut, Bijnor , Mujjafarnagar , Saharanpur, Dehradun, Ambala , Patiala and Delhi. It is also used in . Almost all the significant modern Hindi literature has been produced in Khariboli.