Most countries of the world have alternative names. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names and initialisms for all nations, countries and sovereign states, in English and any predominant or official languages of the country in question.
Countries are listed alphabetically by a description, that is, the most common name or term that is politically neutral and unambiguous. This may followed by a note as to the status of the description used.
Taiwan/臺灣 (common, slightly inaccurate), 中華民國 (official, Chinese), Chinese Taipei/中華台北 (international designation), Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu/台灣、澎湖、金門及馬祖個別關稅領域 (international designation), Taipei, China (international designation), Taiwan, Province of China (UN designation), Nationalist China (obsolete), Free China (obsolete, pro-Nationalist), ROC (initialism)
Ireland (official and common name, ambiguous), Éire (Irish name, colloquial British term), Poblacht na hÉireann (official description, Irish), ROI (abbreviation, colloquial British term), Irish Republic (colloquial British term, obsolete/incorrect), Irish Free State or the Free State (colloquial Northern terms, obsolete), Erin, Erinn, Hibernia (Roman name meaning winterland), the Emerald Isle
Russian Federation (official English description), Российская Федерация (official Russian), Russia (official and common name, ambiguous, English), Россия (common, Russian), RF (initialism), Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (former name), RSFSR (former name initialism), Rus (poetic or obsolete name, ambiguous), Roos (Hindi name), Great Russia (obsolete name)
Srbija i Crna Gora (common, Serbian), Drzavna Zajednica - Srbija i Crna Gora (official, Serbian), State Union - Serbia and Montenegro (official, English), SCG (initialism, local), S&M (initialism), S&MN (initialism), Yugoslavia (former name, still in use)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (official, English), Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon (official, Welsh), An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath (official, Scottish Gaelic), Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann (official, Irish Gaelic), An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh (official, Cornish), Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland (Scots), Britain (colloquial), Great Britain (incorrect, colloquial), England (incorrect, colloquial), UK (initialism) United Kingdom (short form)
