Latvia is divided into historical and cultural regions:
- Vidzeme , meaning "Middle land", is also known as Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of traditional Livonia. Present Vidzeme is the Latvian part of Swedish Livonia and Rīga.
- Kurzeme (Courland), roughly the counties of Liepāja , Kuldīga , Talsi, Saldus and Ventspils .
- Latgale (Latgallia), the part of Livonia still in Polish hands after the Treaty of Altmark in 1629.
- Zemgale (Semigallia) comprises approximately the counties of Dobele , Jelgava and Tukums . Traditional Semigallia also includes the northern part of Šiauliai County in Lithuania.
- Sēlija (Selonia), often considered a part of Semigallia, Selonia comprises the eastern part of the 1939 province of Semigallia, an area completely located south of Daugava. Traditional Selonia also includes a portion of north east Lithuania. Named after the Selonians.