Register (linguistics)

A register, in the context of linguistics, is a subset of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For example, the average English speaker will likely adhere more closely to prescribed grammar, pronounce words ending in -ing with a velar nasal, and refrain from using the word "ain't" when speaking in a formal setting, but the same person could violate all of those restrictions in an informal setting; these two varieties of speech are separate registers of English.

Divisions in Register

Although the divisions between register could be considered to be very artificial it could be useful to have a guide as to how these divisions could be viewed.

For example R1 (Register one) could display very informal, casual, colloquial expressions, used familiarly. The latest catch phrase, or word expressing an opinion such as 'cool' would be used indiscriminately including words that come into fashion seemingly over night and leave just as quickly. R1 will also be prone to shortened words, ellipses, incorrect grammar, slang, and vulgarisms. Also likely to include regional variations.

R2 could be described as standard, used in polite circles, educated, equivalent to the language expected of the 'BBC' and falling between the two extremes of R1 and R3.

R3 could be recognised by its formal quality, literary ring, official tone, with a certain archaic quality, the language of scholars and those aware of vocabulary and grammar in use. Correct and always 'looking out' to resist new expressions and using words whose meaning is under review.

It should be noted that the boundaries between the Registers are constantly shifting and changing. What is unacceptable today could easily become 'cool' tomorrow!

See also

• Acrolect
• Mesolect
• Basilect