Running Buffalo Clover

Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium stoloniferum) is an endangered species of perennial clover native to the eastern and midwestern United States.

This plant has erect, unbranched flowering stems, typically 3 to 6 inches tall. The summit of the stem is topped by a round flower head, and two leaves grow near the summit. These leaves are typically larger than those found on stems without flowers. The flower heads are white, sometimes tinged with purple, and about 1 inch wide.

The plant grows from 4 to 20 in tall. Like other clovers, Running Buffalo Clover has leaves divided into 3 leaflets. It sends out long creeping runners (stolons) from its base, which grow along the ground and take root. The stems and leaves are hairless. It flowers from mid-May to June and fruits in July.

Habitat

The original habitat of this plant is believed to have been areas of rich soils in open areas among forests and prairies. Grazing bison probably maintained these open areas while migrating along established trails. The clover was apparently once widespread across much of the midwestern U.S.

Threats

The reasons for this plant's decline are not known for certain, but they are believed to be directly related to the disappearance of large herbivores from the plant's habitat. This species appears to have been dependent upon the woodland disturbance created by large animals, especially the buffalo. Many of the species' old records were in close proximity to buffalo licks and trails. Other causes include trampling by unknowing people and competition from introduced species.

References

• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Endangered Species
• Endangered Species Guidesheet - Running Buffalo Clover