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Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of plants. In the past it was treated as comprising about 220-300 genera and about 4000-4500 species, but many of these have recently been transferred to other families (Olmstead et al., 2001; Olmstead, 2003). They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.
The family includes some medicinal plants, among them:
Genera
- Agalinis Raf. -- false foxglove
- Alectra Thunb.
- Aureolaria Raf. -- false foxglove
- Brachystigma Pennell -- desert foxglove
- Buchnera L. -- bluehearts
- Buddleja -- butterfly-bush
- Capraria L.
- Dasistoma Raf.
- Diplacus Nutt. -- bush monkeyflower
- Gerardia
- Hemianthus Nutt.
- Ilysanthes
- Lathraea L. -- e.g., Toothwort
- Lendneria Minod
- Leptandra -- Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra)
- Leucospora Nutt.
- Macranthera Nutt.
- Mimetanthe Greene
- Myoporum
- Rehmannia Libosch.
- Schwalbea L. -- schwalbea
- Scrophularia L. -- figwort
- Seymeria Pursh -- black senna
- Striga Lour. -- witchweed
- Tomanthera
- Torenia L.
- Verbascum L. -- mullein
and many more.
The following genera, traditionally included in the Scrophulariaceae, have now been transferred by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to other families on genetic evidence:
- Amphianthus -> Plantaginaceae
- Angelonia -> Plantaginaceae
- Antirrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
- Bacopa -> Plantaginaceae
- Bartsia -> Orobanchaceae
- Bellardia -> Orobanchaceae
- Besseya -> Plantaginaceae
- Calceolaria -> Calceolariaceae
- Castilleja -> Orobanchaceae
- Chaenorrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
- Chelone -> Plantaginaceae
- Chionophila -> Plantaginaceae
- Collinsia -> Plantaginaceae
- Cordylanthus -> Orobanchaceae
- Cymbalaria -> Plantaginaceae
- Digitalis -> Plantaginaceae
- Dopatrium -> Plantaginaceae
- Epixiphium -> Plantaginaceae
- Euphrasia -> Orobanchaceae
- Galvezia -> Plantaginaceae
- Gambelia -> Plantaginaceae
- Glossostigma -> Phrymaceae
- Gratiola -> Plantaginaceae
- Hebe -> Plantaginaceae
- Holmgrenanthe -> Plantaginaceae
- Howelliella -> Plantaginaceae
- Keckiella -> Plantaginaceae
- Kickxia -> Plantaginaceae
- Lagotis -> Plantaginaceae
- Leucophyllum -> Plantaginaceae
- Limnophila -> Plantaginaceae
- Limosella -> Plantaginaceae
- Linaria -> Plantaginaceae
- Lindernia -> Plantaginaceae
- Lophospermum -> Plantaginaceae
- Mabrya -> Plantaginaceae
- Maurandella -> Plantaginaceae
- Maurandya -> Plantaginaceae
- Mazus -> Phrymaceae
- Mecardonia -> Plantaginaceae
- Melampyrum -> Orobanchaceae
- Micranthemum -> Plantaginaceae
- Mimulus -> Phrymaceae
- Misopates -> Plantaginaceae
- Mohavea -> Plantaginaceae
- Nemesia -> Plantaginaceae
- Neogaerrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
- Nothochelone -> Plantaginaceae
- Nuttallanthus -> Plantaginaceae
- Odontites -> Orobanchaceae
- Orobanche -> Orobanchaceae
- Orthocarpus -> Orobanchaceae
- Parentucellia -> Orobanchaceae
- Pedicularis -> Orobanchaceae
- Paulownia -> Paulowniaceae
- Penstemon -> Plantaginaceae
- Pseudorontium -> Plantaginaceae
- Rhinanthus -> Orobanchaceae
- Russelia -> Plantaginaceae
- Sairocarpus -> Plantaginaceae
- Schistophragma -> Plantaginaceae
- Scoparia -> Plantaginaceae
- Stemodia -> Plantaginaceae
- Synthyris -> Plantaginaceae
- Tonella -> Plantaginaceae
- Triphysaria -> Orobanchaceae
- Veronica -> Plantaginaceae
- Veronicastrum -> Plantaginaceae
References
- Olmstead, R. G., dePamphilis, C. W., Wolfe, A. D., Young, N. D., Elisons, W. J. & Reeves P. A. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. American Journal of Botany 88: 348-361 - on line here.
- Olmstead, R. G. 2003. Whatever happened to the Scrophulariaceae? Fremontia 30: 13-22.
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