Sundaland

Sundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia that comprises the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, and surrounding smaller islands. The eastern boundary of Sundaland is the Wallace Line, first identified by Alfred Russel Wallace, which marks the eastern boundary of the Asia's land mammal fauna, and is the boundary of the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones. The islands east of the Wallace line are known as Wallacea, and are considered part of Australasia.

The islands of Sundaland rest on Asia's shallow continental shelf. During the ice ages, sea levels were lower and all of Sundaland was an extension of the Asian continent. As a result, the islands of Sundaland are home to many Asian mammals, including monkeys, apes, tigers, tapirs, and rhinoceros. The Wallace line, which includes the Lombok Strait between Bali and Lombok, and the Makassar Strait between Borneo and Sulawesi, marks the end of the Asian continental shelf, and the islands of Wallacea are separated from Asia and from Australia and New Guinea by deep ocean.

Botanists often include Sundaland, Wallacea, the Philippines and New Guinea as a single Floristic province of Malesia, based on similarities in their flora, which is predominantly of Asian origin.

Ecoregions of Sundaland

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Borneo lowland rain forests (Borneo)
• Borneo montane rain forests (Borneo)
• Borneo peat swamp forests (Borneo)
• Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests (Bali, Java)
• Eastern Java-Bali rain forests (Bali, Java)
• Mentawai Islands rain forests (Mentawai Islands)
  
• Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests (Malay peninsula)
  
• Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests (Malay peninsula)
  
• Peninsular Malaysian rain forests (Anambas Islands , Malay peninsula)
  
• Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests (Borneo)
  
• Sumatran freshwater swamp forests (Sumatra)
  
• Sumatran lowland rain forests (Sumatra, Nias, Bangka Island)
  
• Sumatran montane rain forests (Sumatra)
  
• Sumatran peat swamp forests (Sumatra)
  
• Sundaland heath forests (Indonesia)
  
• Western Java montane rain forests (Java)
  
• Western Java rain forests (Java)
  

Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

• Sumatran tropical pine forests (Sumatra)
  

Montane grasslands and shrublands

• Kinabalu montane alpine meadows (Borneo)
  

Mangroves

• Sunda Shelf mangroves (Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Islands)

See also

• Sunda Islands
  • Greater Sunda Islands
  • Lesser Sunda Islands
• Sunda Trench

External link

• Conservation International: Sundaland